Preventing Pet Theft for Cruel Purposes

Forestalling Pet Theft for Cruel Purposes Sorted out pet cheats take felines and mutts for two principle purposes-to use as trap in dogfighting and to offer to research facilities through B sellers. Since pet robbery is illicit, it is hard to assess the quantity of creatures included, yet it is accepted to be during the several thousands every year. How Are Cats and Dogs Stolen? Felines and pooches can be taken from front yards, lawns, vehicles, boulevards, or walkways when the gatekeeper goes into a store and leaves the canine tied up outside. Another well known approach to take felines and canines is to answer allowed to a decent home advertisements. The criminal answers the promotion, claiming to need to receive the creature. Afterward, the creature is offered to a lab or utilized as lure in dogfighting. To forestall pet robbery and for different reasons, it is essential to consistently charge a selection expense and to never part with a creature to an outsider for nothing. Despite the fact that the creature was parted with for nothing, getting the creature thusly, under misrepresentations, can be viewed as burglary by trickiness which is a wrongdoing. B Dealers - Selling Animals to Laboratories B Dealers are creature sellers authorized under the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. Â §2131) to sell pooches and felines economically, including to research centers. The guidelines embraced under the AWA can be found at 9 C.F.R. 1.1, where Class B Licensee is characterized as a seller whose business incorporates the buy as well as resale of any creature. This term incorporates intermediaries, and administrators of a closeout deal, as such people arrange or orchestrate the buy, deal, or transport of creatures in trade. Class A Licensees are reproducers, while Class C Licensees are exhibitors. B sellers are irregular source vendors who don't raise creatures themselves. To forestall misrepresentation and pet robbery, B vendors are permitted to acquire canines and felines just from other authorized sellers and from creature pounds or havens. Under 9 C.F.R. Â § 2.132, B vendors are not permitted to acquired creatures by utilization of falsifications, distortion, or trickery. B vendors are required to keep up exact and complete records, remembering records for [h]ow, where from whom, and when the canine or feline was acquired. B vendors frequently work with bunchers who do the real taking in a pet robbery ring. Notwithstanding government guidelines and record-keeping prerequisites, pet robbery rings routinely take creatures in different manners and exchange them to research facilities. Records are handily adulterated, and creatures are regularly moved across state lines to limit the odds of somebody finding their taken pet. The American Anti-Vivisection Society records B vendors and their Animal Welfare Act infringement. In one famous case, B seller C.C. Baird lost his permit and was fined $262,700, because of an examination by Last Chance for Animals. LCA is the main association in the U.S. bringing issues to light about B sellers. The USDA keeps up a rundown of authorized B sellers, sorted out by state. Remember that not all B vendors sell taken creatures to research centers, and most sell creatures as a component of the legitimate creature exchange. Snare Animals for Dogfighting Felines, hounds andâ even hares can be taken and utilized as lure in dogfighting. In a dogfight, two mutts are assembled in a nook and battle until the very end or until one can not proceed anymore. Crowd individuals wager on the result, and a large number of dollars can change hands at a solitary dogfight. Dogfighting is unlawful in each of the 50 states yet is flourishing among both expert dogfighters and rush looking for youngsters. The snare creatures are utilized to test or train a canine to be as awful and forceful as could reasonably be expected. What You Can Do The Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2011, H.R. 2256, would restrict B vendors from selling creatures for use in research. LCA urges everybody to contact their government administrators, on the side of the bill. You can look into your delegate on the House of Representatives site, while your congresspersons can be found on the official Senate site. Discover progressively about the bill from the LCA site. To forestall pet burglary, microchip your creatures and never leave your creature unattended outside. This is sound judgment insurance from pet burglary as well as from predators, presentation, and different dangers. You can get familiar with pet robbery and B vendors from Last Chance for Animals, including more approaches to battle pet burglary by B sellers. Pet Theft and Animal Rights From a basic entitlements stance, pet burglary is a disaster, however utilizing any creature for dogfighting or for vivisection abuses the creatures rights, whether or not the creature was taken or used to be a pet.

Poverty and Destitution

Characterizing Poverty has been characterized from multiple points of view. Some endeavor to decrease it to numbers, while others accept that a progressively ambiguous definition must be utilized. At long last, a mix of the two techniques is ideal. DiNitto and Cummins (2007), in their book â€Å"Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy,† present six definitions and clarifications of destitution. Social reformers Webb and Webb (1911) present another edge on neediness. Basically, all definitions are right, the discussion is of which to utilize while making strategy. â€Å"Less than† Poverty DiNitto and Cummings (2007) first present neediness as depravation. They clarify that destitution as depravation is a deficiency in a â€Å"item required to keep up a conventional standard of living†, for example, attire, food, safe house or clinical consideration. From the outset this definition appears to summarize the general comprehension of destitution. In any case, the issue lies with the â€Å"decent way of life. † This announcement infers that there is a settled upon standard for an agreeable or OK way of life. To be considered in neediness by this definition one would need to live beneath the imperceptible standard of not too bad living. This is the ‘less than enough† meaning of neediness and is the most usually utilized meaning of destitution to date. Second, DiNitto and Cummings (2007) depicted destitution as imbalance. Neediness as disparity alludes to the â€Å"inequality in the circulation of salary. † This definition is such an ambiguous speculation, that for all intents and purposes any individual can make a real case at being devastated. Any individual can guarantee that they get an inconsistent measure of pay and along these lines are in relative destitution having short of what another person and are qualified for additional. This is the â€Å"less than that guy† meaning of neediness. The last â€Å"less than† neediness definition is destitution as absence of human legislative hall. This definition, as per DiNitto and Cummings (2007), portrays that in a free market profitability is vital and those with low efficiency are devastated. In the event that an individual has low efficiency on account of an absence of aptitudes, information, instruction or preparing then they will get a low measure of repayment for their creation. This is the â€Å"less skills† meaning of neediness. â€Å"That’s simply the way it is† Poverty There are three diverse â€Å"that’s jus the way it is† sorts of destitution; neediness as culture, neediness as misuse and neediness as structure. The primary, destitution as culture is depicted by DiNitto and Cummings (2007) as neediness turning into the standard for a subset of people. DiNitto and Cummings (2007) clarify that it isn't only a â€Å"way of life† yet in addition a lot of perspectives, absence of confidence and absence of motivator inside the gathering that propagates destitution among them. Destitution as abuse was sociologists Marx and Weber’s reason for communism. Neediness as misuse accept that the upper and white collar classes are abusing the lower class by utilizing them as modest work and paying them deficient compensations to get away from destitution. This definition presents that likelihood that destitution doesn't need to exist, however that through participation of the classes neediness can be annihilated. Destitution as structure is portrayed by DiNitto and Cummings (2007) as the continuation of neediness due to â€Å"institutional and basic parts. † Institutional separation alludes to the imbalance in circumstance inside the foundation. DiNitto and Cummings (2007) gives the model that poor school areas are regularly given less financing and less assets for their understudies. With less assets and as often as possible bigger classes, the understudies in these school regions don't get full or legitimate instruction coming about, at last, in the continuation of destitution. â€Å"Destitute† Poverty After these definitions and endeavors to clarify or better comprehend destitution there is as yet a basic piece missing. Characterizing neediness by contrasting one individual with another or to a number isn't adequate. There is no endless supply of living and in certain definitions anybody could make a sensible contention that they live in neediness, regardless of their salary or assets. Be that as it may, there is another definition not referenced in our content. Berleman (1970) in his article â€Å"Poverty-Some Dilemmas in Definition† cited mid twentieth century social reformers Webb and Webb as they portray neediness. Webb and Webb clarify that dejection is â€Å"the state of being without at least one of the necessities of life, so that wellbeing and quality is so debilitated as to in the end jeopardize life itself. This definition gives the most concrete of guidelines just as gives a cruel perspective on what neediness truly is. Forestalling Destitution The plan to end neediness is the same old thing in American legislative issues. Nonetheless, with the ongoing changes in the US economy the war on neediness is seething and lawmakers are offering brave expressions and guarantees. In the 2008 Compass Forum Barack Obama strongly pledged to divide destitution inside 10 years. Afterward, Republican John McCain pronounced on the off chance that he were casted a ballot president that the â€Å"eradication of neediness will be top need of the McCain organization. The fascinating thing about these remarks is the arrangement every legislator made to help them. Both John McCain and Barack Obama followed in the strides of lawmaker John Edwards, supporting the arrangement that he had once proposed. The arrangement incorporated a rundown of activities that should have been taken to mitigate destitution in the US. Be that as it may, a the highest priority on the rundown were just transitory arrangements including expanding the lowest pay permitted by law and joblessness protection, updating the earned personal assessment credit and youngster charge acknowledges just as government supported kid care and making new openings. Over the long haul these arrangements won't hold. Raising the lowest pay permitted by law and expanding charge credits are an endless procedure that may help the weight of low salary families and laborers, giving the figment incidentally that the arrangement is working. Still the lowest pay permitted by law and duty credits would need to be expanded consistently to shield this figment from falling and landing US destitution rates back in precisely the same position. Much lower on the â€Å"to do list† to annihilate neediness were programs that will yield progressively higher and longer enduring outcomes, for example, Pell awards, school-to-work programs and professional restoration for previous detainees and crippled specialists. Giving the important assets and abilities to ruined people with the craving to work will permit them to gain more lucrative situations as well as give access to the assets they have to keep up the position. Enabling a person to transcend destitution by giving assets and abilities will have a more slow rising, yet longer enduring constructive outcome. Expanding the lowest pay permitted by law and duty credits may almost certainly bring those on the edge of the neediness line somewhat above it, however shouldn't something be said about the individuals who are down and out? How is another $. 0 to $. 40 every hour going to reduce their dejection? How is a youngster charge credit going to profit them when they can't take care of their kid? There are two parts of the bargains range that need our government officials center; the spotlight should be on expanding the assets for low salary families for moderate human services, food stamp programs, school dinner projects and brief help for penn iless families. At that point the subsequent stage is anything but an impermanent duty credit or increment in the lowest pay permitted by law, yet support in professional abilities, instruction and preparing. Long haul diminishes in destitution rates will just happen after there is an expansion in healthful help, clinical consideration, instruction and preparing for low-salary Americans References Berleman, W. (1970). Povertyâ€Some Dilemmas in Definition. Development and Change, 1(4), 27. Recovered from Academic Search Complete database. Besharov, D. , and Call, D. (2009). Pay Transfers Alone Won't Eradicate Poverty. Strategy Studies Journal, 37(4), 599-631. DiNitto, D. and Cummings, L. (2007) Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy. Pearson Education, Boston, MA. P 80-118, 161-197, 250-379.

IAP and Igloos

IAP and Igloos (Im gonna go ahead and spill the beans: This is an entry about IAP. IAP is another name of the month of January. Some people may be quick to point out that we are in the month of Feburary. These are the kinds of people who may also like to point out that I havent blogged in like two months, Santa isnt real, and eating ice cream and shredded cheese for dinner tonight was a really bad idea.)(These people may also be my stomach.) (Also, to those who note that its taken me a while to post again WERE IN A RECESSION, PEOPLE.)(Actually, I really didnt post this for a while because I went to Hawaii.. oh, I know. Life is just so hard.) When I was little, my favorite store was the Sanrio store, and my favorite thing to buy was the mystery bag. The mystery bag was a veritable wealth of the glorious unknown. The mystery bag was an opportunity to purchase anything, anything at all in the store, without even knowing you were purchasing it. The mystery bag was a door to another world. I later came to realize the mystery bag was just a paper bag filled with useless crap they couldnt otherwise sell, like Hello Kitty erasers, Keropi compact mirrors and, oh, I dont know, Pochacco beard trimmers, and it wasnt like I was even growing a beard at that time, and yeah, we probably paid more for the bag than the erasers/trash cans/beard trimmers were worth combined, but it didnt matter. It was all worth it to me for the element of surprise. Fast forward twelveish years later to IAP 2009. IAP is a pretty magical time; its one month in the middle of the school year filled with possibilities. IAP is the mystery bag of the Sanrio store that is MIT (but with less beard trimmers). You can take actual classes some even extend from the fall term through January or you can take crash courses in pottery, truffle making, and Perl. You can do all those things you wanted to do during the school year that you didnt quite get to because you were working. You can even go somewhere else (WHAT? WHERE). Plus, the fact that you dont have class until February is pretty fun to rub in the faces of your suffering friends at other schools. And so one weekend Kes 11, Dordy 12, Cathy 10, and I embarked on an adventure that would change the course of history. It started, as most adventures do, with the hunt for food. Unfortunately, this one involved less spears and loincloths and more hiking over the slushy Harvard bridge in 20 degree weather. (It ended, as only a small fraction of adventures do, with an igloo.) Since thats a moderately warm temperature for winter around these parts, heres a tip for you when you make the trip out to Boston: if you are going to walk across the Harvard bridge, wear rainboots up to your elbows. For serious that bridge was the consistency of an icee two hours after you bought it and forgot about it. If you take only one thing away from this entry, it should be that. And that you can see your breath in igloos. But more on igloos later. We ended up at a small French restaurant behind the Prudential Center that Cathy had been wanting to try for a while. Naturally, this meant that we all had to speak in French accents, and make French faces, and don French attire: No, dont ask why. No, we never do this when dining at Thai or Italian restaurants, but somehow, it just happened. Also, as four college students trudging in from a trip over a bridge that could only be described by the word soupy, we were clearly not classy enough for this place, and thus made every effort to class ourselves and our meal up. After wandering around various places throughout Boston and avoiding a soggy return home by taking Saferide back to campus, then deciding to ride an entire Saferide loop and play a couple rounds of Euchre, we ended up at the igloo. This was not your grandmothers igloo. This was one epic igloo. How epic? So epic, it even came with a logbook. Whatd I tell you? Not your grandmothers igloo. Eventually, though, as all adventures ending in an igloo do, this story ended with us freezing to horrible, horrible deaths. No, not really. We almost did, though: the igloo was blocked by a giant snow boulder that required significant effort to move: We returned home mostly victorious, minus the various digits lost to frostbite. It was a tale for the ages. It was one to tell the childrens children. Who knows? By that time, Ill probably even have a beard to trim.

The Pursuit Of Self Discovery - 2522 Words

mez Dr. McCollister ENGL 3314 April 4, 2015 The Pursuit of Self-Discovery: A Psychoanalytic look at The Picture of Dorian Gray When one hears the title The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde a flash of Faustian images such as villains, tragedy, and worldly pleasures might come to mind. The reader might recall Lord Henry Wotton as the Mephistophelian presence of the novel, and his epigram that â€Å"All influence is immoral†¦because to influence a person is to give him one s own soul† (Wilde 19-20). But, to say this is the only theme, or even the central them â€Å"is to ignore the complexity of the novel, for the central message of the work is no mere repetition of Goethe’s moral code, nor can the influences at work be limited to a single drama of damnation and salvation† (Baker 350). When readers attempt to understand the novel rather than analyze it, they may feel that it is a story about right and wrong or good versus evil; but on the contrary, The Picture of Dorian Gray could in fact be viewed as a representation of Sigmund Freud’s theory of the human psyche, when vi ewed through a psychological lens. Through the use of varied literary devices Oscar Wilde reveals how Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian Gray, and Basil Hallward embody the Id, Ego, and Superego in The Picture of Dorian Gray. As their behaviors are fully understood and their motivations revealed the reader will be able to fully grasp a clear psychoanalytic interpretation of the novel. This analysis is based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Pursuit Of Self Discovery1012 Words   |  5 Pageslimitations of my own ordinary situations to be seized momentarily whilst I let mind be free and my own imagination wander. The pursuit of self-discovery is present within many forms of literature and can be told through plots and central characters. I often discover new societal universal longings that arise from the novels pages which encourages me to reflect on my own sense of self. The unique interpretations and individual thoughts made by readers allows for a diverse range of reactions to literatureRead MoreSelf-Discovery and the Pursuit of Truth in Sophocles Oedipus1138 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-Discovery and the Pursuit of Truth in Sophocles Oedipus It is said that the truth will set you free, but in the case of Sophocles’ Oedipus, the truth drives a man to imprison himself in a world of darkness by gouging out his eyes. As he scours the city for truth, Oedipus’ ruin is ironically mentioned and foreshadowed in the narrative. With these and other devices Sophocles illuminates the king’s tragic realization and creates a firm emotional bond with the audienceRead MoreDiscovery Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesDiscovery is uncovering what is not known. The core text ‘Away’ written by Michael Gow and related text The Pursuit of Happyness directed by Gabrielle Muccino simply implies that every significant discovery brings change, growth, and strong relationships. The characters that are present in these two texts face conflict, and learn how to overcome their problems through their support of family and friends. Therefore, they are able to evolve as a person and although the texts differ in their conte xtsRead MoreVictor Frankenstein Destruction Through Discovery1746 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage 11 28 Oct. 2017 Destruction through Discovery Summarizing the theme of the novel, Victor Frankenstein stated, â€Å"If the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections, and to destroy your taste for those simple pleasures in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is certainly unlawful, that is to say, not befitting the human mind† (34). 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Human societies have come a long way from the time of hunting and gathering. Self-sufficient and possessing high capacity for questioning what systems are currently in place, and the astonishingly unique ability to discover solutions for problems; humankind is truly one of a kind. This distinctive quality grants humanity the abilityRead MoreCreativeity and How the Skill Builders Assist This Process: Montessori959 Words   |  4 PagesThe work is to acquire the initial building blocks to create and offers the child the opportunity to be competent and therefore experience independence and increased self esteem. Young children are in the process of creating themselves and the environment in which children find themselves in plays a part in constructing a creative self. The teacher is compelled to provide a place that supports creativity and is conducive to the visual arts. This is two fold and consists of exposing the childs sensesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Journey By Mary Oliver751 Wo rds   |  4 Pagessolution. This is applicable to the process of self-discovery. The value is determined by what we have endured to shape who we ultimately become. This is exemplified by in Mary Oliver’s poem â€Å"The Journey† and Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away†. Self-discoveries play a fundamental role in the development of becoming an individual as it can lead us to transformative experiences through the exposure of new perspectives. In â€Å"The Journey†, the symbolism of her discoveries outside begin with nature where, â€Å"the starsRead MoreGiorgio Agamben Magic And Happiness Analysis1180 Words   |  5 Pagesrational actor’s emotional investment, humility, and the per-unit-chance of Agamben’s model of magic actualizing in one’s various pursuits of happiness. Contrary to Agamben’s core argument in â€Å"Magic and Happiness,† effort devoted to a pursuit is critical in the formation of happiness as it increases one’s sentimental involvement. Especially in lifelong, long-run pursuits of happiness such as love and career-based satisfaction, the amount of effort one puts into such a channel yields a correspondinglyRead MoreThe Invisible Man by H.G. Wells Essays892 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom prison whomever he chooses, and generally to act like a god among men† (Plato). The shift into a maniacal anarchist is caused by the dangerous allure of scientific knowledge along with the power it provides and the lack of an identity. The pursuit of scientific knowledge is a perilous quest as each feat and advancement draw nearer to ambiguous boundaries that are usually best left uncrossed. Griffin is not the first to fall to victim to knowledge’s allure as â€Å"Victor Frankenstein’s life was

The Is A Strange Process - 1217 Words

â€Å"Have you ever messed up a solo, Dad?† I asked, as we both were headed off to watch my little brother play soccer one day. We were driving in a small minivan down the highway and I had been staring off in the distance most of the half hour long trip. â€Å"Oh my, way too many times to count, Ben†. He smiled and glanced over to me. â€Å"One time I went up to the podium to start a hymn at a wedding and completely forgot how it started! I had to ask someone else to help me out.† He chuckled to himself and then resumed. â€Å"Performing is a strange process. You think you’re prepared to perform, but when you go to finally do it, your body goes crazy. Your mouth gets dry, your knees shake, and you sometimes mess up. You can’t just linger on that failure though. It shouldn’t stop you from doing something you love!† I nodded my head in agreement. Performing was something I had been thinking about lately; something that had truly impacted my life. 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A caregiver’s response to a child makes a difference in what kind of attachment a childRead MoreWomen on the Edge of Time and Stranger in a Strange Land Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel Women on the Edge of Time and Stranger in a Strange Land have some similarities. They both depict how the gender socialization process is bias and a catalyst to gender disparity in the society. Both stories bring to light how men are given privileged as compared to women in the society. Analyzing the two stories and using outside sources I will draw a conclusion on how gender and power ideologies have equality impacted our society. â€Å"Women on the Edge of Time† is a book written by MargeRead MoreRelation: Infant Mother Attachment and Eating Disorders1510 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this paper the two main theorists that are looked at are Mary S. Ainsworth and John Bowlby. Mary S. Ainsworth’s framework of attachment theory began in Uganda, while studying individual difference in infant behavior, which is known as the Strange Situation. John Bowlby coined the theory of infant mother attachment based on object relations psychoanalytical theory and the conceptualization that infants need healthy maternal bonds for later functioning as adolescents. Eating disorders haveRead MorePaleolithic Religions787 Words   |  3 PagesPaleolithic Religions The religious practices of the Paleolithic period may seem incredibly strange to us now in the modern context. During this period, strange spiritual practices were dominated by the concept of animism and a clear blurring between the secular and sacred. These forces then helped to shape the artifacts and mythology of the period, helping modern researchers better understand the spiritual nature of these ancient peoples. One of the major elements of Paleolithic religion isRead MoreEssay on The Personality of Othello1053 Words   |  5 Pagesth imminent deadly breach Of being taken by the insolent foe And portance in my travelers history, Wherein of antres vast and deserts idle, Rough quarries, rocks, (and) hills whose (heads) touch heaven, It was my hint to speak–such was my process– And of the cannibals that each (other) eat, The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads (Do grow) beneath their shoulders. These things to hear Would Desdemona seriously incline. But still the house affairs would draw her (thence,) Which ever asRead More3# Building Vision. 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As a condition of each franchise agreement, KFC requires that its franchisees use only KFC Seasoning in connection with the preparation and sale of Kentucky Fried Chicken. To make the seasoning, which is a trade secret, KFC has entered into contracts with two spice blenders, the John W. Sexton Company, Inc. (Sexton), and Strange CompanyRead MoreThe Evolutionary Theory Of Children1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe attachment is the strong emotional bond that develops between infant and mother, providing the infant with emotional security (Berk, 2014). The reciprocal action that infants sometime have is attachment behavior and exploratory behavior in the Strange Situation with caregivers. An attachment may be identified as a feeling that bonds a person or animal forms between self and other beasts. While, Ethology has to do with the familiarize yourself, survival, behavior and its evolutionary history. Agreeing

Mt. Everest Free Essays

The Choice Should there be a permanent base camp? KJ December 19th, 2011 Should there be a permanent base camp? The choice for a permanent base camp has not been made because the are plenty of good reasons why there should be one. On the other hand there are also plenty of bad reasons why there shouldn’t be one. Though the council has not decided completely there have been a few rumors that they might start building in 2014 or 2015. We will write a custom essay sample on Mt. Everest or any similar topic only for you Order Now This may become an issue with the people that live in Nepal. The Argument The Good Things The good things about this settlement is that everyone can have comfortable hot showers and a heating system to keep them warm. This is also good because there is a possibility that if it is built then it could lower the chances of polluting the area (more than it already is). That is if recycling bins and trash cans are added. The Bad Things Some of the bad things about the project is that it can cause more pollution instead of lowering the chances of it. The building if not stable enough could collapse because the base camp is a moving glacier. Building this would cost more than $700,000 (not including the cost for electricity and supplies). That would make a sum of about $3,000,000 for when it is first built and and about $2,300,000 for all the supplies and electricity. That probably does not even include the cost of shipping. which would add about $50,000 every time a load of stuff is shipped there. The Problem The problem is that Mount Everest is a moving glacier with an altitude of 17598ft. Also this permanent camp could cause even more pollution than there already is. This is also very costly considering that it is very far from any major towns and it takes several days of trekking to get there, so building a settlement will be difficult and expensive. Also the altitude makes living there very difficult, the people who work in the camp would have to go back to a lower altitude every week or so. Along with that operating and sustaining the camp would be extremely expensive, supplies would take very long to be delivered. The Solution The solution would be to find a way to make it less costly and more convenient for both the people that work there and the guests. The End Thanks for reading How to cite Mt. Everest, Papers

Freas and Geeks Media techniques free essay sample

Take a look again at high school stereotypes through the short lived television series from the late 90’s, Freaks and Geeks. Based on the pilot episode of Freaks and Geeks, media techniques are used effectively to depict the different stereotypes in high school. The camera shots movements are used adequately to show the power of the bullies and the weakness of the victims. For example, when Sam Weir is approached by Alan (the bully), at lunch, the camera is pointed upwards towards Alan’s face to make him seem bigger and scarier while the camera would be pointed down on Sam’s face making him seem smaller and inferior to Alan (Kasdan 1999). This example shows effective use of media techniques by using camera shots because the audience can easily depict the two different stereotypes, the bully and the geek. Another way that media techniques are used effectively is through the use of setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Freas and Geeks Media techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance, the â€Å"freaks† of the show are shown hanging around the patio which is a dirty and worn down area separated from the field and other students (Kasdan 1999). This is a clear way for the audience to see the difference from the regular students and the â€Å"freaks† therefore making this media technique effective. These two techniques show how Freaks and Geeks uses media techniques effectively to illustrate the stereotypes one might see in high school. Using media techniques such as camera shots and setting effectively is a task that Freaks and Geeks has accomplished to portray different high school stereotypes. Freas and Geeks Media techniques free essay sample How Media Techniques Create Stereotypes in Freaks and Geeks Take a look again at high school stereotypes through the short lived television series from the late 90’s, Freaks and Geeks. Based on the pilot episode of Freaks and Geeks, media techniques are used effectively to depict the different stereotypes in high school. The camera shots movements are used adequately to show the power of the bullies and the weakness of the victims. For example, when Sam Weir is approached by Alan (the bully), at lunch, the camera is pointed upwards towards Alan’s face to make him seem bigger and scarier while the camera would be pointed down on Sam’s face making him seem smaller and inferior to Alan (Kasdan 1999). This example shows effective use of media techniques by using camera shots because the audience can easily depict the two different stereotypes, the bully and the geek. Another way that media techniques are used effectively is through the use of setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Freas and Geeks Media techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance, the â€Å"freaks† of the show are shown hanging around the patio which is a dirty and worn down area separated from the field and other students (Kasdan 1999). This is a clear way for the audience to see the difference from the regular students and the â€Å"freaks† therefore making this media technique effective. These two techniques show how Freaks and Geeks uses media techniques effectively to illustrate the stereotypes one might see in high school. Using media techniques such as camera shots and setting effectively is a task that Freaks and Geeks has accomplished to portray different high school stereotypes.

Trajan Emperor of Rome free essay sample

This essay discusses the life of Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Emperor of Rome, his rise to power and reign as emperor. The following paper discusses Trajans reign as a near perfect Roman ruler. The writer examines what Trajan accomplished during his reign, including restoring the treasury that had been depleted under Domitians reign, causing the empire to undergo an expansion program that had not been seen since before the time of Augustus, lowering taxes, enlarging public works and renovating Italys roads. Marcus Ulpius Trajanus was born on the fourteenth day before the kaleds of March or in other words, September 18th, probably in the year AD 52 at Italica near Seville, Spain. Being of Spanish origin made him the first emperor who did not come from Italy, even though he was from an old Umbrian family from Tuder in northern Italy. Having chosen to settle in Spain, the family was not a purely provincial one (Empire, pg). We will write a custom essay sample on Trajan Emperor of Rome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trajan was the son of a Senator, Consul, and Governor of Asia and Syria. His father, also Macus Ulpius Trajanus, commanded the Tenth Legion Fretensis in the Jewish War of AD 67-68. He became consul in AD 70 and in AD 75 he became governor of Syria, which was one of the key military provinces in the empire.

HR managers want every job candidate to ask these questions

HR managers want every job candidate to ask these questions You’re feeling prepared for your interview. You’ve practiced your handshake (firm, confident). You’ve got your talking points down cold and are ready to answer just about any question thrown your way. But are you ready to ask questions yourself? An interview isn’t just fielding questions and making eye contact with your interviewer- it’s a dialogue between the two of you (or more, if you’re facing a panel-type situation), so it’s crucial to remember that you should also be asking questions too. Let’s look at some of the questions that HR managers look to hear from good, engaged candidates for a job. Questions About the CompanyA great interviewee is going to come armed with both knowledge and questions about the hiring company. You don’t need to memorize every word of their corporate webpage, but a look at the mission statement and any relevant news articles is a good place to start. Once you have that baseline of info, yo u can ask informed questions about the company.Here are some examples:I know that this company prioritizes sustainability. How do you see this role fitting in with that mission?I was interested by the differences between this company and X Co.’s approach to ____. Who do you consider your top competitor in the field, and why? Where do you see the company evolving over the next five years in this industry?Where does this role fit in the company’s overall strategy?What defines â€Å"success† here at this company? What defines â€Å"failure†?Questions about the company, as well as its goals and values, show that you’re interested in becoming a part of the team- not just scoring a job offer. Cultural questions indicate that you’re aware of trends in the larger industry as well as in this company.Questions About the JobIdeally, you’re going to be the person they hire for this job, so it’s important to show a) curiosity; and b) that y ou’ve put a lot of thought into this opportunity. These aren’t questions like, â€Å"so what is this job, anyway?† These should be more substantive questions about the parts of the job that may not be obvious from the description.Here are some examples:What are your expectations for this role?What do you see as the long-term significance of this role in the company?What’s the management style in this department?What is the typical career path for someone hired into this position?Is this a new role? If so, what need was it created to fill? If not, can you tell me what happened with the last person in this role?What are the biggest obstacles facing this team right now?What’s the primary goal of this role in the first 90 days? The first year?What would you say is the biggest challenge/project on the horizon for this role?What would you say is the most challenging part of this position?These questions indicate that you’re envisioning yourself se ttling into the role and considering the day-to-day tasks as well as opportunities to grow.Questions About LogisticsIn the interview, it’s natural to wonder about things like what the next steps are. There are ways you can phrase this that make them intelligent questions. Here are some examples:Thanks so much for meeting with me today! What can I expect, in terms of next steps?Is there anything else I can do to provide more information, or otherwise follow up with your team?What Not to AskSalary questions. These are almost always better saved for later in the process, once you’ve got an offer and can begin negotiating. Mentioning it during the interview can seem overeager.Specific demands. The interview is also not the time to announce that you’re going to need X time off, or request that you get an answer within three business days.Personal questions. Your interviewer may have family pictures on her desk or little tchotchkes that suggest a hobby. That can be a small talk facilitator at the beginning of the interview (â€Å"Hey, we root for the same World Cup team!†), but it’s really not an opening to ask a bunch of invasive questions. Remember, you’re being interviewed for a job- it’s not speed dating.As long as your questions are thoughtful, professional, and require more than a yes or a no, they’re likely to be welcomed throughout the interview or saved for the end. Remember that the goal is to show how interested you are in this job and demonstrate that you’re engaged fully in this process. Good luck!

Use of sound and music in the film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock Research Paper

Use of sound and music in the film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock - Research Paper Example When music and sound are used efficiently in a movie, a certain flow that comes up that makes the movie seem to fit better. The 1960 Alfred Hitchcock horror movie ‘Psycho’ is a perfect example of movies massively relying on the process and technique of music and sound editing (Khairy 09). The ultimate aim of this context is to examine the use of sound and music in the movie Psycho. It specifically looks on how music and sound was used to convey suspense. To begin with, Alfred Hitchcock is believed to be the ‘master of suspense’ and an immense leader. Psycho created in 1960 was one of his great movies that were one top ten of the American Film Institute’s top breathtaking films (Kolker 12). Hitchcock has a tendency of using suspense and tension to shock his audience. He achieves this through efficient use of cinematography and correct position of camera, use of movement, angles and shots. He also managed to employ scary music and lighting when he intended to shock his audience or generate suspense (Schickel and Capra 29). However, he misleads his audience to come up with shock but at least that is expected in a horror movie. At the start of the film, Marion Crane and Sam Loom are seen in the bedroom together. This seemed to suggest that it was a love and romantic story but after stealing the money from her boss, then it is believed the genre of the movie is about crime. Nevertheless, the genre of this film was not about romance or even crime, it was a thriller where the main character died a third way through the film. That is too shocking and unexpected because she was the main character and a good person as well (Kolker 12). Another suspense and shock came when the audience realized that Norman Bates dresses like his â€Å"mother† in women’s clothing, which comes up odd and bizarre. Besides, untrue suspense makes shocks more shocking in the sense that the audience never

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business law - Assignment Example In his mind, he thinks that the car is in good condition. By bad luck, the mechanical problem re-occurs two days later and consequently, the car is involved in road carnage. The taxi driver evaluates the problem and come to a conclusion that the car had the mechanical problem before the purchase. The seller by omitting the true mechanical condition of the car violated the Contract Law (Marson 352). Contract Law is a group of regulations that guide buyers and sellers on how to conduct their business. Legal actions are taken in case one party violates the Contract Law. Therefore, the taxi driver will use the Contract Law in court to against the car seller. The law allows the payment of any loss or damage caused by omission of vital information by the seller. However, the buyer must prove that the Contract Law was indeed violated. The Contract Law has four main elements. The first element is the offer given by the seller with conditions of the item on sale, the price, and the date by which the offer will expire. The second element of Contract Law is acceptance. The buyer accepts the conditions given and registers the intention to buy the item. The third element is the legal agreement. The buyer and the seller make a legal binding. The last element is consideration where the buyer pays or gives a later date to pay the item on sale. In the case between the car seller and the taxi driver, the offer given did not include the poor condition of the car intentional (Marson 352). The taxi driver bought it at the worth of a car with good conditions. He joins into a legal agreement and makes payment only to realize that the car had mechanical problems two days later. The seller violated the Contract Law by giving false information about his car and is supposed to pay the damages and the loss incurred by the taxi driver. However, the chances of the taxi driver winning this case are

Effect of Solar Magnetic Field (SMF) on Solar Radio Flux

Effect of Solar Magnetic Field (SMF) on Solar Radio Flux Paper published in the proceedings of Conference on Recent Trends of Research in Physics (CRTRP 2012); Page no. 85-91, 2012, ISBN: 9788190436298 3.1. Introduction: The solar activity appears to be straightforwardly associated with the strong and complex solar magnetic field.The huge solar magnetic field is a result of the flow of plasma currents within the Sun, which impel charged particles to move about from one of the Sun’s poles to another. The mean magnetic field is the strength of the longitudinal component of the photospheric magnetic field averaged across nearly all the visible hemisphere of the Sun. The sun’s magnetic field has the remarkable property that it is not distributed uniformly, but concentrated in flux ropes which appear on the surface of sunspots, plages and network. Hale first found the evidence of strong magnetic field in the sunspot from the Zeeman splitting (Hale 1908). Sunspots are the seats of the strong magnetic field and the field strength of a large sunspot can be as high as 3000 Gauss. Due to the strong magnetic field inside the sunspot, the convection is inhabited and the region becomes relatively cooler and hence darker compared to its surrounding region. So sunspots can be treated as the best manifestation of the Sun’s magnetic field (Solanki 2003). Figure: 3.1.1. Solar magnetic field (Image credit- http://www.nasa.gov) The variations of sunspot number have well-established periods of about 11 years (Hathaway et al.2002). The period of magnetic activity cycle is twice as that of sunspot cycle, about 22 years on average (Hale et al. 1919). Most of the solar activity parameters vary consistently with the sunspot cycle. Among these parameter solar radio flux is one which has its own importance in Radio Astronomy as the precise information about its emission from its origin region provides the details about the temperature, constituents, density, ionization, magnetic fields and the physical nature of the various sources inside Solar structure (Kundu, 1965). Thus to diagnose the solar atmosphere and the magnetic energy release in solar corona, radio observations serve as a powerful tool. The radio flux has its origin from atmospheric layers high in the solar chromospheres and low in the solar corona, though the accurate level of origin is not yet fully known (Kane, 2003). Observations at different radio frequencies provide the information about the various depths and the physical structure on the solar atmosphere. Accurate daily radio fluxes at different frequencies are very useful for the study of solar physics of the different layers of solar atmosphere (Zieba, 2001). Many workers have performed correlation and spectral analysis of solar radio flux variations (El-Raey and Scherrer, 1973). Watari (1996) analyzed solar radio emission at several frequencies to investigate their irregularities, time variation and solar coronal activity at different heights. Kane et al. (2001), Vats et al. (1998) and Mouradian et al. (2002) used the solar radio fluxes at different frequencies to study the coronal rotation period at different heights and its differentiality as a function of the altitude. Meheta (2005) has studied the relationship of rotation period with different phases of solar cycle. It is already evident in the literature that various frequency bands in the range starting from 245 MHz to 15400 MHz originate from different layers of solar atmosphere starting from lower chromospheres to upper corona as illustrated in the Table 3.1. Thus study of radio flux at different frequencies within this range provides the information about different layers of solar atmosphere. Table 3.1. : Different radio frequencies and their origin in solar atmosphere The quiet Sun emission at different frequencies contains information about densities and temperatures in different layers of the solar atmosphere (Watari, 1996). It is one of the prime reasons of studying solar radio emission at different frequencies during the Solar Figure: 3.1.2. Monthly variation of sunspot number for the year 2009. (Image credit- http://www.greatdreams.com/solar/2009/space-weather-december-2009.htm) minimum period which provides an opportunity to the scientific community to study the physical behavior of Solar atmosphere. It also provides very useful information about the temperature and the shape of the solar corona (Kundu, 1965). Thus the study of solar radio emission during the minimum period serves as an important tool for the study of solar corona. The current minimum of cycle 23-24 has been treated as a peculiar minimum characterized by reduced polar field strength, extremely low level of solar activity and extending for longer duration (Gopalswamy et al, 2012). Various solar indices like F10.7 cm, EUV flux, solar wind etc. behaved unusually during this minimum. Even the ionosphere also showed an anomalous behavior (Eduardo et al, 2011). The boundary between the Earth’s upper atmosphere and space also moved to an extraordinary low altitude (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081215121601.html) during the period. This type of unusual behavior of this minimum has c reated the interest among the solar science community to make a rigorous study on this period. The microwave brightness temperature during this minimum was substantially diminished compared to the 22-23 minimum which is also consistent with the decrease in solar magnetic field strength (Gopalswamy et al, 2012). Basu (2010) found the evidence of difference of Sun’s internal structure during the current minimum from the minimum of previous cycle. During the minimum period, the 2800 MHz radio flux showed an anomalous behavior in its correlation with Sunspot number (Tapping, 2011). In the context of above peculiarities of current solar minimum, it is interesting to see the variation of correlation of solar radio flux at several frequencies with sunspot number during this period. In this chapter the preliminary results regarding the study on the relation of solar radio flux and solar magnetic field parameters have been presented. Here the frequency distributions of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux with sunspot number and solarmagnetic field have been investigated for solar minimum and maximum period. We have also make analysis of periodic variation of basal component of solar radio emissions. 3.2. Observation: Here we studied the behavior of solar radio flux for the extended solar minima of Solar cycle 23 (2009). Firstly, we calculated the correlation between the solar radio flux and Sunspot number which is the index for measuring the variability of these two solar activity parameters. We have found the correlation coefficient at eight frequencies (245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4995, 8800, 15400 MHz) using data from Sagamore Hills radio Solar observatories. For the calculation of correlation coefficient, we excluded the points from dataset of those radio fluxes, which are having values greater by 40% of the average flux value of a day. It has been done for neglecting sudden variation in flux due to several transient activities. The correlation coefficients are plotted in figure. 3.2.1 3.2.2. Correlation coefficient between the sunspot and radio flux Many workers (Das and Nag, 1999, Das and Nag, 1996) have shown that the frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of the solar radio flux and Sunspot numbers follows a pattern. We have calculated the correlation coefficients for solar maximum (2001) and minimum (2009) of solar cycle and found that the frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients does not show the similar pattern as has been reported in the literature. During the maximum period the correlation coefficient is highest for 1415 MHz but in minimum it’s highest for 2695 MHz. In literature also it has been reported that the correlation coefficient attains its maximum value at Figure 3.2.1: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and sunspot number 2695 MHz as it is very close to the 2800 MHz (Das and Nag, 1996). But during the solar maximum period the highest correlation has been found for 1415 MHz while at solar minimum period it is for 2695 MHz. Rather that this after 2695 MHz there is a decline in the correlation coefficient of higher frequencies for maximum period where as for minimum period the trend is Figure 3.2.2: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and sunspot number not same as the 8800 MHz shows a correlation which is greater than for 4995 MHz. Rather than this the variation of correlation coefficient has also been checked for different solar minimum period. Das and Nag, 1996 has already reported the correlation coefficient of the radio flux and the sunspot number for the 1975, 1986, 1996 minima. We have compared these correlation coefficients with the obtained ones for 2009 solar minimum. From the plot it can be noted that during this period the value of the correlation coefficient is very low in comparison to the value of the previous three minima. 3.2.3. Correlation coefficient between the solar mean magnetic field and radio flux Like the radio flux and sunspot number, the correlation between the radio flux and solar mean magnetic field has also been checked for this minimum period. It has been found that the values of the correlation co-efficient are very low and the there is a pattern in the variation of the frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients. Figure 3.2.2: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and solar mean magnetic field 3.3. Discussion: In this chapter, the relation between the solar magnetic field and the solar radio flux has been investigated. In the foregoing analysis the correlation coefficient of radio emission and sunspot number, has been found to be low with respect to the correlations of other cycles. Where as the correlation of solar mean magnetic field and radio flux is also very low. During this minima period, the frequency distribution of correlation coefficient of radio flux and sunspot number and the periodic behavior of solar radio flux is random whether it has a similar pattern for previous three minima (Das, 1998). The anomaly in correlation of radio flux with sunspot number might be due to the unusual behavior of the microwaves as it has been already reported for the correlation between 2800 MHz and sunspot number (Hudson, 2009). There was a change in activities between photospheric and chromospheric or coronal indices during the later part of cycle 23, through the extended minimum (Tapping, 2011) and the polar magnetic fields of Sun have an important role in shaping the Solar corona and heliosphere around the Solar minimum period when the polar dipole moment becomes leading component of large scale magnetic field of the Sun (Wang and Sheeley, 2002). During this minima period, Sun’s polar field was 40% less compared to the previous three minima (Wang et al, 2009). Consistently, the corona also retained some complexity during the lowest activity level (Toma et al, 2010a). During the current minimum, the Solar corona never reached at a simple dipolar configuration (De Toma et al, 2010b) rather the eclipse data showed higher order multi-polar structure (Judge 2010). Thus different magnetic configuration is supposed to give rise to a different morphology of Solar corona rather than from the previous three minima. Thus different magnetic configuration is supposed to give rise to a different morphology of Solar corona rather than from the previous three minima. The variation obtained in correlation coefficient’s pattern could also be due to this complex behavior of Solar corona and heliosphere. 3.4. Concluding remarks: The preliminary study presented in this chapter points that during the recent solar minimum, the correlation coefficient of radio emission and sunspot number has been low with respect to the correlation coefficients of previous solar minima. Rather than this the correlation of solar mean magnetic field and radio flux is also found to be very low during this minimum period. During this minima period, the frequency distribution of correlation coefficient of radio flux and sunspot number is random whether it has a similar pattern for previous three minima (Das and Nag 1998). The frequencies studied at the present work for analyzing the characteristics of Solar radio flux, provide information about the complex behavior of Solar corona and different shape of corona with respect to the previous minima during (Toma et al, 2010b). However we believe that detail investigation with more independent analysis using different parameters is required to critically analyze different Solar features especially during the current minima period to have more insight about the physical processes going on inside the Sun at different time scales. References: Hale, G. E. (1908), On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots, Astrophysical Journal, 28, 315. Solanki, S. K. and Krivova, N. A. (2003), Can solar variability explain global warming since 1970? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 108, A5. Hathaway, D. H., Wilson, R. M., Reichmann, E. J. (2002), Group Sunspot Numbers: Sunspot Cycle Characteristics, Solar Physics, 211, 1, 357. Hale, G. E., Ellerman, F., Nicholson, S. B., Joy, A. H. 1919, ApJ,49, 153 Kundu, M. R. (1965), Solar Radio Astronomy. Interscience Publishers, New York. Kane, R. P., Vats, H. O., Sawant, H. S. (2001), Short term periodicities in the time series of solar radio emissions at different solar altitude, Solar Physics., 201, 181. Zieba. S., Maslowski. J., Michalec. A., Kulak. A. (2001), Periodicities in data observed during the minimum and the rising phase of solar cycle 23; years 1996 1999. Astronomy Astrophysics, 377, 297. El- raey. Mohamed, Scherrer. Phillip (1973), Correlation and spectral analysis of daily solar radio flux, Solar Physics, 30, 149. Watari, S. (1996), Separation of periodic, chaotic and random components in solar activity, Solar Physics, 168, 413. Kane, R. P. (2004), Long term and medium term variations of solar radio emissions at different frequencies, Solar Physics 219, 357. Vats, H. O., Deshpande, M. R., Shah, C. R., Mehta, M. (1998), Rotational modulation of microwave solar flux, Solar Physics, 181, 351. Mouradian, Z., Bocchia, R., Botton, C. (2002), Solar activity cycle and rotation of the corona, Astronomy Astrophysics, 394, 1103 Mehta, M. (2005), Solar coronal rotation and phase of solar activity cycle , Bulletin of Astronomical Society of India, 33, 323. Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Mà ¤kelà ¤, P., Michalek, G., Shibasaki, K., Hathaway, D. H. (2012), Behavior of Solar Cycles 23 and 24 Revealed by Microwave Observations, Astrophysical Journal, 750, 2, L42. Eduardo, A. A, Redmon, R, Fedrizzi, M, Viereck, R, Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. (2011) Some Characteristics of the Ionospheric Behavior During the Solar Cycle 23 – 24 Minimum, Solar Phys, 274, 439. Basu, S. (2010), Differences Between the Current Solar Minimum and Earlier Minima, SOHO-23: Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 428, 37. Tapping, K. F., Valdà ©s, J. J. (2011), Did the Sun Change Its Behaviour During the Decline of Cycle 23 and Into Cycle 24? Solar Physics, 272, 337. Das. T. K., Nag. T. K. (1997), Periodicity in the basal component od radio emission during maximum and minimum solar activity, Solar Physics, 179, 431. Das. T. K., and Nag. T. K. (1999), Frequency dependence of the periodicity of the intensity of the non-magnetic component of solar radio emission, Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society, 303, 221. Hudson. Hugh S., Svalgaard. L., Shibasaki. K., Tapping. K., Microwaves in the recent solar minimum 2009, Hinode-3: 3rd Hinode Science Meeting. Wang. Y.M., Robbrecht. E., Sheeley jr. N. R. (2009), On the weakening of the polar magnetic fields during solar cycle 23, The Astrophysical Journal , 707, 1372. G. de Toma, Gibson, S.E., Emery, B.A., and Arge, C.N. (2010a), The Minimum between Cycle 23 and 24: Is Sunspot Number the Whole Story? SOHO23 Proceedings Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, 217. De Toma G., Gibson. S., Emery. B., Kozyra. J. (2010b), Solar Cycle 23: An Unusual Solar Minimum? AIP Conference Proceedings, 1216, 667. Judge, P. G., Burkepile, J., Toma, G. D. (2010), Historical eclipses and the recent solar minimum corona, SOHO23 Proceedings Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 428, 171.

American football Essay

Actuality There are so many scenarios in life that are made out to be completely different than they actually are because of media. Movies and shows make everything seem like something is one way and then in actuality it’s nothing like it. Throughout movies from scene to scene things are dramatized, over exaggerated, and made out to be better or worse than the situation or things really are. As a child I always watched movies and was deceived by them without even realizing it. I always enjoyed football movies most because I could relate to most of the things and could compare things in the movie to my actual life. They have always drawn my attention and I usually was misled by the way they made the sport in general seem. I wanted to play football at a young age but was always mistaken on the way the game actually was. It was made out to be way harder and worse than actuality. Friday Night Lights and Remember the Titans are two movies I always referred to. Throughout the years of playing football from elementary school to being a college athlete now these movies are the ones that stood out to me. In Friday Night Lights and Remember the Titans the teams have many similarities: The atmosphere isn’t just an  ordinary family, its boys that love each other and play like no one is different. They act like they have grown up together on the field and off and have a bond that can’t be separated even when it’s a tough game or things are falling apart. The teams have a passion for the game and get emotionally invested in it. Practices always came off to be miserable and extremely tough in movies. The drills they run through and exaggerate make football seem really intense. The coaches are very into every second of the practices with little down time and a lot of things to be covered. The  practices are long and drawn out so there is no room to screw up or mess around. The coaches show the passion for the game by the way they get into the practice and are tough on each player. Although they are tough, they build very personal relationships and bonds with each of their players. The coaches in movies seem to be a father figure and a great example to all the players. The relationships show in the games and when they are playing as they lead each other to have selfmotivation and push not only one another but themselves as well. My real life experiences with football have  been very opposite to the way movies portray these instances to be. I had always thought practices and the sport would be painstaking because of the movies and in reality it was completely wrong. I went into high schools nervous and worried that the first practice would be intimidating and eerie as I would wait for the bell at the end of each day and dread the fact that now it was time for football. What I mean by that is I would sit in my desk and repeatedly think of getting killed by the bigger kids. I would continue to look at the clock and every minute felt like 30, I was just scared and  nervous. I soon began to realize and understand that it was just the way the movies make things seem. Practice was not actually full of the coaches yelling and making us do drills that were unbearable. It was all made out to be something it was not. In reality the team isn’t bonded and nearly as close as the movies make them out to be. Some people get along and some don’t, football is not the only reason for everyone to get along. Maybe it was where I went to school but I just couldn’t compare much to the movies. Drills in the movie would last hours and throughout my life of playing football my drills would be short. The drills wouldn’t take your breath away and you wouldn’t be at a loss of energy. In the movies you have coaches in your ear yelling at you, grabbing your facemask to get your attention, and every time they got close to your face their spit would go all over you. Throughout my life coaches were not physical, they wouldn’t grab you, pull you, or throw you around. Practice would consist of cone drills, where you had to set up cones in different areas and run full speed. Another drill we did was seven versus seven, which consist of 7 offensive  guys and 7 defensive guys with no line men. There would be four receivers sometimes five depending on the formations, a quarterback, and a running back also with two occasionally. The coach would call a play and you would have to try and move the ball down field only by passing the ball. Another drill we would do as a team consisted of all eleven players on both sides of the ball in a game-like situation. Everything in the movie seemed to consist of screaming, drills that would look like it could almost kill you, and coaches just all over you every time you made a mistake. It seemed like you just couldn’t catch a break. They really are great, inspirational movies. I even sometimes wished my school was the way movies were. Most people can relate if they play football and have seen either two movies. If you are a high school freshman or student athlete they can really make you nervous and scared to go and play. Maybe it was my school, but most people I have talked to can relate and have the same opinion. That is why I always thought playing football was going to be miserable and harsh but I have now come to the realization in my own life that it is nothing like I had ever expected.

Medication Errors Essay

Approximately, 1.5 million people are injured in the United States due to medication related errors. Errors involving prescription medications kill up to 7,000 Americans per year, according to the Institute of Medicine, and that the financial costs of drug-related morbidity and mortality may run nearly $77 billion a year. FDA also reviews about 1,400 reports of medication errors per month. Before administering a medication, it is the responsibility of the nurse to ensure that the right patient is receiving the right medication, for the right reason/s, the right dosage and route, at the right time. Whoever administers the medication is ultimately responsible for any error that may occur. Therefore it is the nurse’s duty to report a medication error is accordance with facility protocol. The nurse is supposed to notify the physician and monitor the patient for any adverse reactions related to the error. An incident report is also done and is used by the hospital for reeducation t o avoid future occurrences. Failure to report or take appropriate action when a medication error occurs may lead to loss of employment, action by the state board of nurses, civil or criminal changes. It is the nurse’s responsibility to document appropriately, in a timely manner, and failure to do so is also considered a medication error. Students` Legal Role and Responsibility: Student nurses have the responsibility to acquire theoretical and clinical skills necessary to deliver the best of care to the public. It is a student’s responsibility to communicate with the assigned staff nurse constantly and their clinical instructors as well. Most errors occur with medications that a give during the non standard hours, including early morning. Students and staff nurses should use the same MAR and bring the patient’s MAR to the bedside and document drug administration immediately after the patient has taken the medications. Hence clear communication between student and staff nurse, as well as the instructor is of utmost importance in decreasing the risk of making medication omission errors. Anxiety makes a student prone to medication errors as well. Breathing  exercises have proven effective in relieving anxiety. Medication errors lead may lead to dismissal from a nursing program. Depending on the severity and frequency of medication errors by stud ents, the school may lose its privilege to practice in some facilities. Therefore it is important that student avoid making any medication errors. Medication errors and years of experience Administration errors reflect knowledge deficits, with errors declining in the first few years of clinical experience (C. G. Bailey, et al.). Each year of experience, up to 6 years, reduced the risk of error by 10.9% and serious error by 18.5% (J. Westbrook et al. 2013) These findings suggests that inexperienced nurses constantly require training and supervision with a focus on correct medication administration. Knowledge gained from this study I learnt that the nurse are the doctor’s eyes and ears; and they rely on them to identify errors, changes of condition, abnormal lab values etceteras so that they may prescribe the right medication appropriately. It is important to always have your reference material available such as, drug reference book, patho-physiology reference book etceteras; because medication administration goes beyond just following the doctor’s written order and giving the patient the medication. If a nurse does not know why the medication is being given, they are not be able to identify an error before administering, or know when to hold the medication and notifying a physician. Good clinical practice begins while a nurse is in school; therefore it is crucial to always comply with facility protocol. Hence knowledge deficit compromises the patient’s safety. Reference C. G. Bailey, B.S. Engel, J.N. Luescher, M.L.Taylor: (date unknown) Medication Errors In Relation To Education & Medication Errors In Relation To Years of Nursing J., Treiber L. When the 5 rights go wrong: medication errors from the nursing perspective. Journal of Nursing Care Qual 2010;25:240–7 Experience: retrieved July 31 2013 from http://www.lagrange.edu/resources/pdf/citations/nursing/Medication%20Errors.pdf J. I. Westbrook, A. Woods, Rob MI, et al. (2010) Association of

Investment Risks and Discounted Cash Flow Applications - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2996 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Investment Risks and Discounted Cash Flow Applications You are the company accountant with a medium sized, privately owned company. The company has surplus funds which it does not believe it will be able to invest in company operations for at least five years. The majority shareholders are also the directors of the company and they do not wish the surplus finds to be distributed as dividends. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Risks and Discounted Cash Flow Applications" essay for you Create order A board meeting has, therefore, been called to discuss the proposal that the funds be invested in a portfolio of medium to long term securities. Three of the directors have recently attended a short course at the local university on Investment and the Management of Risk. They make the following comments at the meeting, based on their interpretations of what they have learned on the course: If we hold a portfolio of stocks we need only consider the systematic risk of the securities As a cautious investor we must always consider total risk We should not buy anything if the expected return is less than the market as a whole and certainly not if it is below the return on the risk free asset. Question 1(i): Explain to the members of the board the meaning of systematic, unsystematic and total risk and advise them about how all three types of risk can be measured. Reasons for Dissecting Risk Investing in securities is an inherently risky proposition (unless one invests in the risk free asset). Prudent investors are risk-averse (Damodaran 2002, pp. 70), and as such they need methods to quantify the risk associated with potential investments, in order to make informed investment decisions corresponding with their risk tolerance and objectives for return. Thus, the concept of risk needs to be reduced into separate elements which can be calculated. Total, Systematic, and Unsystematic Risk The total risk involved in holding any security has two distinct components: systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Systematic risk refers to the risk of holding securities in general, and is also known as market risk (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005 pp.275). This is the risk associated with macroeconomic variables beyond the control of any one company, and this risk measure serves as a floor for the amount of risk in a portfolio of stocks that can be eliminated by diversification (McAlister, Srinivasan, Kim 2007, pp. 39). When an investors portfolio is properl y diversified, this is the level of risk that such an investor should concern themselves with (Howard 2006, pp. 29). Unsystematic risk refers to the level of risk associated with a particular security, which can fluctuate greatly depending on the underlying value of the assets which the security represents (Howard 2006, pp. 30). For instance, while the economy may be rather steady at any given time (and a diversified portfolio would reflect such stability in its measures of systematic risk), an individual company may be undergoing dramatic changes which cause the company valuation to fluctuate wildly. Unsystematic risk is the portion of total risk that an investor in a diversified portfolio seeks to minimize. To illustrate the difference between systematic and unsystematic risk, one helpful analogy is the schism in physics between the smooth macro-level curvature of space-time at cosmic scales predicted by General Relativity, and the chaotic and unpredictable micro-level fluct uations of space-time at infinitesimally small scales predicted by Quantum Physics. At the scale of space-time discussed by Einsteins General Relativity equations, the effects of small-scale fluctuations are ultimately balanced out, and the picture of space-time is one of a smoothly curving space-time accentuated bent according to the gravitational effects of large masses. At the scale of space-time addressed in Quantum Physics, however, space-time fluctuates in such an unpredictable and chaotic manner that predictions become difficult, if not impossible (Feynman 1985, pp. 5). This corresponds to the macro-level systematic risk of the market, in which the volatility of individual securities is balanced out, leaving only the risk of the market as a whole, compared to the violent variances of individual companies at the micro-level which is measured by unsystematic risk. Total risk is a combination of systematic and unsystematic risk. Since unsystematic risk decreases asymptoticall y as stocks are added to a portfolio (meaning that the level of risk approaches, but never quite equals, the level of systematic risk), investors with properly diversified portfolios are most concerned with systematic risk as a measure of their total risk (Howard 2006, pp. 29). Investors with less diversified holdings should add the market level of systematic risk to the level of unsystematic risk associated with the securities held to compute total risk. Computation of Total, Systematic, and Unsystematic Risk Systematic risk, or non-diversifiable market risk, can be calculated as the average covariance of the securities in the portfolio (in this case, the portfolio should be considered to be a basket of stocks representing the entire market) (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005, pp. 273). Total risk is the average variance of the security in the portfolio, and by definition (total risk = systematic risk + unsystematic risk), the unsystematic risk of any security in the portfolio i s the average variance of the individual security minus the average covariance of the portfolio (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005, pp. 275). Question 1(ii): Discuss the directors comments If we hold a portfolio of stocks we need only consider the systematic risk of the securities This comment by the directors holds true, if the portfolio is sufficiently and adequately diversified. As mentioned above, a properly diversified portfolio creates a scenario in which the unsystematic risk asymptotically approaches 0, leaving only the systematic or market risk in the calculation of total risk. However, this assumes that the stocks selected in the portfolio are sufficiently diverse (Damodaran 2002, pp. 735). For an example, a diversified portfolio that includes a broad cross-section of securities from many industries can be considered more properly diversified than a portfolio which gives extra weight or emphasis to specific industries. Otherwise, there is an industry-specific leve l of risk that remains in the unsystematic risk of the entire portfolio. As a more concrete example, consider a portfolio that consists of a group of energy stocks and a group of petrochemical companies. No matter how many stocks are added to this portfolio from the group, the risk associated with petroleum price shocks has not been removed via diversification (while it is true that petroleum price shocks would affect the market at large, they would disproportionately affect industries in which petroleum is the critical input). The stocks in the portfolio must be sufficiently diverse for the effects of diversification to be realized as a reduction in unsystematic risk. However, if the stocks in the portfolio are assumed to be sufficiently diverse to account for a truly diversified portfolio, the statement made by the directors certainly coincides with financial theory, and should be applauded a sound understanding of the concept of diversification and its relation to investment a nd risk management. As a cautious investor we must always consider total risk This statement certainly rings true for the investment decisions of the directors, and demonstrates an understanding of both the impacts of diversification and the demarcation between the different types of risk involved in the total risk of an investment (Howard 2006, pp. 29). To support this statement by the directors, three scenarios will be used to illustrate the importance of a focus on total risk. In the first scenario, a hypothetical investor has no information regarding any of the components of total risk. The hypothetical investor has little knowledge of the inherent risk factors of the current market (no understanding of current levels of systematic risk), and has randomly selected a single security (perhaps by using the dart toss stock selection scheme). This investor may not understand that the market as a whole is in an upswing or decline, and has no information to understand how any random stock in the market at large should perform, on average. Thus, the investor has no information on systematic risk. This investor also selected the security at random, so the investor has no information regarding the proclivity of the particular security to fluctuate in value. Here, the investor has no way to deduce total risk, since the investor cannot arrive at a conclusion regarding either the systematic risk or the unsystematic risk. Any profits made by the investor in this scenario can only be regarded as the fortuitous results of chance. In the second scenario, a hypothetical investor has performed a thorough analysis on a particular company, and thus has a solid understanding of the companys earnings potential and true valuation relative to its market capitalization. However, the investor has not performed an analysis on the economy as a whole, and as such has no information as to whether macroeconomic conditions support or invalidate a decision to purchase the parti cular security in question. So, while the investor feels confident that they understand the unsystematic risk associated with the security, they have no information regarding the systematic risk of the market as a whole, and thus the investment decision based on their research may be ruined by a change in overall market conditions. Finally, in the third scenario, the final hypothetical investor has performed an analysis of macroeconomic conditions to concoct an investment decision. This investor, however, has performed no analysis of the particular securities they plan to purchase (even to see if they form a properly diversified portfolio). Thus, even though this investor potentially understands the systemic risk portion of their investment, they have no way of determining if they have eliminated the unsystematic risk in their holdings. They may very well be correct regarding the markets overall risk level, but if they do not eliminate the unsystematic risk associated with indivi dual securities, their efforts will also be in vain as they are still subject to potential volatility and additional risk based on fluctuations in the securities held. We should not buy anything if the expected return is less than the market as a whole and certainly not if it is below the return on the risk free asset. The first portion of this statement is incorrect, unless the board has decided that the return on the market as a whole is equivalent to their required rate of return. The level of expected return on the investment should be a function of the risk tolerance of the investors. If the risk of the market as a whole (systematic risk) is higher than the risk tolerance of the investors, the investors should seek to invest in the risk free asset, or at least include the risk free asset in the portfolio to achieve the level of total risk that best suits the risk tolerance of the investors (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005, pp. 300). The directors have here made a very e asy mistake: equating the expected return on the market as a whole with the minimum acceptable return, without considering that even the systematic risk may be more risk than they are willing to tolerate. For instance, a troubling political climate or unexpected macroeconomic events may create levels of price fluctuations in the market as a whole which amount to risks that the investors are not willing to take. At such a point, the investors should seek to lessen their exposure by investing some portion of their holdings in the risk free security (to park their funds until the systematic risk of the market more closely mirrors their own risk tolerance) (Damodaran 2002, pp. 155). The second statement is correct. Since the return on the risk free asset is, by definition, devoid of either systematic or unsystematic risk, this is the minimum return that the investors should demand for their resources (Damodaran 2002, pp. 204). Any additional expected return should be balanced by the systematic risk associated with placing funds in risky securities. Investors in properly diversified portfolios should not expect any returns above market average, unless they are willing to assume some level of unsystematic risk as well. Question 2 (i): Why is it important to discount future cash flows? The Relevance of Discounted Cash Flows Valuation Models The notion that future cash flows should be discounted back to todays value by a factor equal to the opportunity cost of capital is central to the concept of the Time Value of Money. By discounting future cash flows by the opportunity cost of capital, we recognize the very real impact of financial decision-making (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005, pp. 195). Cash flows in the future are worth less because if they were available in the present, they could be earning a return equal to the opportunity cost of capital (which is always greater than zero based on the existence of the risk free asset). A dollar held today is worth more than a dollar held in the future, because todays dollar could (at the very least) be invested in the risk free asset and be worth more in the future. Whereas if we have to defer our receipt of cash until the future, we should expect compensation relative to the opportunity cost of not receiving the money up front. This is the basis of interest payments, the time value of money, and ultimately this concept is the crux of all financial theory (Damodaran 2002, pp. 11). To forego discounting future cash flows is to assume that there is no time value associated with cash, and that there are no investments with positive returns (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005, pp. 901). If future cash flows are not discounted, it becomes easy to lose sight of the potential returns that were missed based on the allocation of cash for a project. This will also skew the decision-making process and distort the perceived profitability of a project. The net present value (NPV) model allows inv estors to determine if a project makes financial sense based on their expected rates of return or opportunity cost of capital (Damodaran 2002, pp. 13). If the cash flows were not discounted, a project may look profitable in the initial feasibility study for the project, even though the project returns less over time than is expected by the investors, and the money would be better invested in other projects with a higher or positive net present value. Thus, discounting future cash flows allows quantitative models to presume that capital has other potential uses, and that a project should at least meet certain requirements for return over time before it is considered. As an example, consider a project which costs  £100, and is expected to generate  £150 in year 1. A similar project costs  £100 but will generate  £150 in year 2. Without discounting the deferral of cash flows in the project, they both appear to generate  £50, and both look equally p rofitable. In truth, however, the first project is more profitable, since the real profit over the time period in question is equal to the  £50 plus any profits that could be generated over the next year at the companys required rate of return. Thus, it is vital that future cash flows are discounted to make accurate decisions through financial analysis, or the opportunity cost of capital will be omitted from the final decision. Question 2(ii): Susie Lee owns the Lotus Blossom Bar and Restaurant. She is considering the following investment to upgrade the existing facilities. The cash flows for the investment are estimated as follows: End of Year Cash Flow ( £) 0 -(10,000) 1 10,000 2 20,000 3 40,000 4 50,000 5 30,000 Assuming the opportunity cost of capital is 12 percent, calculate the investments net present value. Based on your calculations advise Susie if she should undertake the investment project? Net Present Value of Upgrading the Lotus Blossom Bar and Restaurant Net present value is calculated as the sum of future cash flows discounted by the opportunity cost of capital (here, 12%) (Damodaran 2002, pp. 12). In this example, a  £10,000 investment yields five years of positive cash flows ( £10k year 1,  £20k in year 2,  £40k for year 3,  £50k for year 4, and a final cash flow of  £30k in year 5). All of these cash flows must be discounted to today (year 0), and if the sum of the discounted cash flows is greater than the  £10k cost of the project, the project will have a positive net present value and will make a sound investment for the Lotus Blossom Bar and Restaurant. The following table illustrates the present value calculati ons as performed on the cash flows, and summarizes by adding all of the projects cash flows to arrive at the projects net present value. Cash Flows Discount Formula Result Initial Investment (Year 0) - £10,000 =-10000 - £10,000.00 Year 1  £10,000 =(10000)/(1+.12)^1  £8,928.57 Year 2  £20,000 =(20000)/(1+.12)^2  £15,943.88 Year 3  £40,000 =(40000)/(1+.12)^3  £28,471.21 Year 4  £50,000 =(50000)/(1+.12)^4  £31,775.90 Year 5  £30,000 =(30000)/(1+.12)^5  £17,022.81 Total  £140,000.00 Net Present Value: Sum of DCF  £92,142.37 Even after considering Susie Lees opportunity cost of capital by discounting her expected future cash flows from the project, the net present value of the upgrade is overwhelmingly positive, and she is strongly advised to undertake the investment project (Boyes 2004, pp. 235). This project generates revenues well beyond her required rate of return. Generating  £150,000 in 5 years from a  £10,000 up-front investment is a very solid investment at a 12% required rate of return. In fact, the investment is incredibly profitable using the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) methodology, which yields the rate of return at which the project yields a NPV of 0 (Damodaran 2002, pp. 866). Solving for a zero value for net present value yields the following result: Cash Flows Discount Formula Result Initial Investment (Year 0) - £10,000 =-10000 - £10,000.00 Year 1  £10,000 =(10000)/(1+1.651814)^1  £3,771.00 Year 2  £20,000 =(20000)/(1+1.651814)^1  £2,844.09 Year 3  £40,000 =(40000)/(1+1.651814)^1  £2,145.02 Year 4  £50,000 =(50000)/(1+1.651814)^1  £1,011.11 Year 5  £30,000 =(30000)/(1+1.651814)^1  £228.77 Total  £140,000.00 Net Present Value: Sum of DCF - £0.00 In other words, until Susie Lee requires a 265.18% rate of return on her capital, this upgrade represents an extremely solid investment (Collis, Montgomery 1998, pp. 88). Works Cited: Boyes, W. The New Managerial Economics. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, Massachusetts. 2004. Collis, D. and Montgomery, C. Corporate Strategy: A Resource-Based Approach. Irwin/McGraw Hill. Boston, Massachusetts. 1998. Damodaran, A. Investment Valuation: Tools and Techniques for Determining the Value of Any Asset. Second Edition. John Wiley Sons, Inc. New York. 2002. Feynman, R. QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. Princeton University Press. New Jersey. 1985. Howard, M. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Accounting for Unsystematic Riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Financial Management. Sep. 2006. McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Kim, M. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Advertising, Research and Development, and Systematic Risk of the Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Journal of Marketing. January 2007. Ross, S., Westerfield, R. , and Jaffe, J. Corporate Finance. Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies. New York. 2005.